Motivating Employees
What is motivation?
The willingness of employees to exert high levels of effort to reach goals (keeping in mind that the effort must also help to satisfy an internal need)
What is a need?
Internal state that makes something look attractive.
Needs (Content)Theories-
Emphasis on the needs of people
1. Maslow
2. Hertzberg
3. Three Needs Theory- McClelland
Need for Achievement- Strive to accomplish goals
Need for Power- Strive to make others behave a certain way
Need for Affiliation- Strive to have interpersonal
relationships.
There is a dominant need.
Managers in their understanding of their employees should try to pin point the dominant need.
Process Theories
Emphasis on the process of motivating employees.
1. Goal setting theory
We often say ‘just do you best’. This gives no direction
MBO are useful. Feedback is imperative.
2. Reinforcement Theory (Skinner) Reinforcement argue that behavior is external.
(Behavior is the result of consequences)
3. Equity Theory- Stacey Adams
People compare what they get out of a job in relation to what they put into the job
in relation to input/ output ratio of Co-workers.
own input /output ratio
Managers must create equality.
4. Expectancy Theory- Victor Vroom
People will act a certain way based on their expectation of success and the reward.
A. Effort- performance link-
B. Performance -Reward link-
C. Attractiveness Link
Designing Motivating Jobs
Job Design- The way in which managers design jobs to make them more satisfying.
1. Job Enlargement- Horizontal expansion of a job (tasks)
2. Job Enrichment- Vertical expansion (Responsibility)
Motivating a diverse work force-
Mangers must be flexible
1. Compressed work week
2. Flex time
3. Job Sharing
4. Telecommunting
5. Aware of culture differences
6. Money- Piece meal pay
7. Open Book Management-
8. Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)
How to motivate professional
-Challenge them
-Autonomy
-Support/feedback
-Provide workshops, etc.
-Be interested
How to motivate Temporary workers
-Is there an opportunity for a full time job?
-Training
-Remember Equity Theory (with regards to full time employee)
How to motivate minimum wage employees
-Different types of rewards
-Job design
-Employee of the month
-Empowerment
-Plaques
-Pats on the back
-Uniforms
-Flex time
Other ways to motivate:
Review table 15.2
-Recognize differences
-Match people with job
-Use Goals (attainable goals)
-Individualize rewards
-Link rewards to performance
-Equity
-Money must follow